ADHD research sources
22 sources cited across 18 Viva ADHD pages, grouped by topic. Each entry has its DOI link and the pages that cite it. Free to cite and link to. Educational content, not medical advice.
Free printable: one-page Dopamenu (PDF) ↓ Last checked: November 1, 2026
Looking for the plain-language version of our claims, with honest notes on popular terms that are nicknames, not clinical facts? That is Sources & science. This page is the full reference index behind it.
Dopamine, reward and motivation
- Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Newcorn JH, et al. (2011). “Motivation deficit in ADHD is associated with dysfunction of the dopamine reward pathway.” Molecular Psychiatry 16(11), 1147-1154. doi.org/10.1038/mp.2010.97Cited on: ADHD medication The motivation gap ADHD procrastination Dopamine Novelty seeking Task paralysis VAST ADHD
- Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Kollins SH, et al. (2009). “Evaluating dopamine reward pathway in ADHD: clinical implications.” JAMA 302(10), 1084-1091. doi.org/10.1001/jama.2009.1308Cited on: ADHD medication The motivation gap ADHD vs autism Dopamine Task paralysis VAST ADHD
Executive function, attention and working memory
- Barkley RA (1997). “Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: constructing a unifying theory of ADHD.” Psychological Bulletin 121(1), 65-94. doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.121.1.65Cited on: ADHD and relationships ADHD burnout The motivation gap ADHD procrastination ADHD vs autism Executive function Hyperfocus Overwhelm Pattern recognition Task paralysis Time blindness VAST ADHD
- Martinussen R, Hayden J, Hogg-Johnson S, Tannock R (2005). “A meta-analysis of working memory impairments in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.” Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 44(4), 377-384. doi.org/10.1097/01.chi.0000153228.72591.73Cited on: Waiting mode
Time perception
- Noreika V, Falter CM, Rubia K (2013). “Timing deficits in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): evidence from neurocognitive and neuroimaging studies.” Neuropsychologia 51(2), 235-266. doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.09.036Cited on: Waiting mode Time blindness
Emotion regulation and burnout
- Shaw P, Stringaris A, Nigg J, Leibenluft E (2014). “Emotion dysregulation in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.” American Journal of Psychiatry 171(3), 276-293. doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13070966Cited on: ADHD and relationships ADHD burnout Masking Rejection sensitivity (RSD)
- Beheshti A, Chavanon ML, Christiansen H (2020). “Emotion dysregulation in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analysis.” BMC Psychiatry 20, 120. doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-2442-7Cited on: Rejection sensitivity (RSD)
- Maslach C, Leiter MP (2016). “Understanding the burnout experience: recent research and its implications for psychiatry.” World Psychiatry 15(2), 103-111. doi.org/10.1002/wps.20311Cited on: ADHD burnout
Novelty and personality
- Bunzeck N, Düzel E (2006). “Absolute coding of stimulus novelty in the human substantia nigra/VTA.” Neuron 51(3), 369-379. doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2006.06.021Cited on: Novelty seeking
- Gomez R, Van Doorn G, Watson S, et al. (2017). “Cloninger's personality dimensions and ADHD: a meta-analytic review.” Personality and Individual Differences 107, 219-227. doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.11.054Cited on: Novelty seeking
- Sethi A, Voon V, Critchley HD, et al. (2018). “A neurocomputational account of reward and novelty processing and effects of psychostimulants in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.” Brain 141(5), 1545-1557. doi.org/10.1093/brain/awy048Cited on: Novelty seeking
ADHD and autism
- Rommelse NNJ, Franke B, Geurts HM, et al. (2010). “Shared heritability of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder.” European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 19(3), 281-295. doi.org/10.1007/s00787-010-0092-xCited on: ADHD vs autism
- Courchesne E, Pierce K, Schumann CM, et al. (2007). “Mapping early brain development in autism.” Neuron 56(2), 399-413. doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2007.10.016Cited on: ADHD vs autism
Treatment research
These support our medication explainer. Not advice; decisions belong with a prescriber.
- Wolraich ML, Hagan JF, Allan C, et al. (2019). “Clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents.” Pediatrics 144(4), e20192528. doi.org/10.1542/peds.2019-2528Cited on: ADHD medication
- Cortese S, Adamo N, Del Giovane C, et al. (2018). “Comparative efficacy and tolerability of medications for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children, adolescents, and adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.” Lancet Psychiatry 5(9), 727-738. doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30269-4Cited on: ADHD medication
- MTA Cooperative Group (1999). “A 14-month randomized clinical trial of treatment strategies for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.” Archives of General Psychiatry 56(12), 1073-1086. doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.56.12.1073Cited on: ADHD medication
- Swanson JM, Arnold LE, Molina BSG, et al. (2017). “Young adult outcomes in the follow-up of the multimodal treatment study of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: symptom persistence, source discrepancy, and height suppression.” Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 58(6), 663-678. doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12684Cited on: ADHD medication
- Wilens TE, Faraone SV, Biederman J, Gunawardene S (2003). “Does stimulant therapy of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder beget later substance abuse? A meta-analytic review of the literature.” Pediatrics 111(1), 179-185. doi.org/10.1542/peds.111.1.179Cited on: ADHD medication
- Humphreys KL, Eng T, Lee SS (2013). “Stimulant medication and substance use outcomes: a meta-analysis.” JAMA Psychiatry 70(7), 740-749. doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.1273Cited on: ADHD medication
Definitions and books
- American Psychiatric Association (2013). “Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.).” American Psychiatric Publishing (book, no DOI).Cited on: The motivation gap ADHD procrastination ADHD vs autism Task paralysis VAST ADHD
- Hallowell EM, Ratey JJ (2021). “ADHD 2.0: new science and essential strategies for thriving with distraction, from childhood through adulthood.” Ballantine Books (book, no DOI). Source of the term VAST; a proposed lens, not a diagnosis.Cited on: Novelty seeking VAST ADHD
- Dodson W. “Secrets of your ADHD brain.” ADDitude magazine (editorial, not peer-reviewed). Source of the phrase "interest-based nervous system". www.additudemag.comCited on: Novelty seeking
Corrections and citing this page
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